Complete Ingredient Details
Soy protein isolate
A highly refined soy-derived protein powder (~90% protein) used to boost protein in bars, shakes, and meat or dairy alternatives.
Category: Plant Proteins
Processing Level: 8
Source: Defatted soybean flakes
Purpose: Concentrated plant protein used to raise protein content and improve texture/emulsification in foods.
Manufacturing Method: Alkaline extract, precipitate, wash, dry
Why Manufacturers Choose It: High protein at low cost with reliable functionality and supply.
Commonly Found In: protein bars;protein powders;meat analogs;shakes;baked goods
Health Score: 7
Bottom Line: Soy protein isolate is a concentrated, complete plant protein that helps many people meet daily protein needs. It’s more processed than whole soy foods, so choose it if you value convenience and vegan protein, and pick alternatives if you prefer minimally processed options or experience digestive discomfort at large doses.
Micronutrients: ["Iron","Phosphorus","Potassium"]
Antioxidants: ["Isoflavones (genistein, daidzein)","Phenolic acids","Saponins"]
Healthier Alternatives: Pea protein isolate, Whey protein isolate, Pumpkin seed protein
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Tapioca starch
A neutral, white starch purified from cassava root; mostly rapidly digested carbohydrate with little protein, fat, or micronutrients.
Category: Flours & Starches
Subcategory: Starches
Processing Level: 6
Source: Cassava root
Purpose: Refined starch used to thicken and bind foods.
Manufacturing Method: Wet extraction and drying; milled
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Delivers reliable texture and a neutral taste at low cost.
Commonly Found In: ["gluten-free bread","protein bars","soups","sauces","boba pearls"]
Health Score: 4
Bottom Line: Tapioca starch is a highly refined carbohydrate used for texture, not nutrition, and it digests quickly. It is safe for most people in moderate amounts, but if you manage blood sugar, watch portion size and pair it with protein, fat, and fiber.
Micronutrients: []
Antioxidants: []
Healthier Alternatives: Potato starch, Rice flour, Oat flour
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Corn syrup
A sweet, thick syrup made by breaking down corn starch into smaller sugars (mainly glucose) that add sweetness, bind ingredients, and keep foods soft.
Category: Sugar
Subcategory: Syrups
Processing Level: 6
Source: Field corn starch
Purpose: Sweetener and humectant that binds ingredients and prevents crystallization.
Manufacturing Method: Acid/enzyme hydrolysis with refining
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Reliable binding and anti-crystallization at low cost with neutral flavor.
Commonly Found In: granola bars,protein bars,candies,snack mixes,baked goods
Health Score: 3
Bottom Line: Corn syrup is a refined glucose-based syrup that improves texture in many foods but functions nutritionally as added sugar with a high glycemic punch. Enjoy sparingly and watch total added-sugar intake.
Micronutrients: []
Antioxidants: []
Healthier Alternatives: Honey, Date paste, Maple syrup
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Sugar (sucrose)
Common table sugar made of one glucose and one fructose molecule; a calorie-dense sweetener that also adds bulk and texture.
Category: Sugar
Subcategory: Sugars
Processing Level: 4
Source: Sugarcane and sugar beet
Purpose: Caloric sweetener that adds sweetness and bulk.
Manufacturing Method: Crystallized plant juice; industrially refined
Why Manufacturers Choose It: It is inexpensive, consistent, and provides reliable sweetness and texture.
Commonly Found In: protein bars; breakfast cereals; baked goods; sauces; beverages
Health Score: 4
Bottom Line: Table sugar is a purified, calorie‑dense sweetener. It’s safe as an ingredient, but for health, keep added sugar low—ideally under 10% of calories and lower if you can.
Healthier Alternatives: Honey, Date paste, Maple syrup
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Palm oil
A semi-solid vegetable oil pressed from oil palm fruit; refined palm oil is neutral-tasting and shelf-stable, while unrefined “red” palm oil retains carotenoids and vitamin E.
Category: Fats & Oils
Subcategory: Plant Fats
Processing Level: 6
Source: Oil palm fruit
Purpose: Semi-solid plant fat that provides structure and oxidative stability in foods.
Manufacturing Method: Pressed, refined (RBD), fractionated
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Low cost, neutral flavor, and reliable semi-solid texture without hydrogenation.
Commonly Found In: ["Protein bars","Cookies","Baked snacks","Spreads","Creamers"]
Health Score: 5
Bottom Line: Most products use refined palm oil, which behaves like a saturated‑fat source and raises LDL compared with unsaturated oils—so keep it limited and read saturated fat on the Nutrition Facts panel. If you want nutrients from palm, choose clearly labeled red palm oil; otherwise, opt for items that use more unsaturated oils and ensure refined palm oil is well‑controlled for 3‑MCPD/glycidyl esters.
Healthier Alternatives: High-oleic sunflower oil, Cocoa butter, Avocado oil (high-oleic)
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Cocoa powder
Finely milled, defatted cocoa solids made from fermented, roasted cacao beans; may be natural or alkalized (“Dutch-processed”).
Category: Cocoa & Chocolate
Subcategory: Cocoa
Processing Level: 3
Source: Defatted cacao bean solids
Purpose: Provides chocolate flavor and color.
Manufacturing Method: Roast, press, mill; optional alkalization
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Strong flavor and color at low cost.
Commonly Found In: ["protein bars","cookies","shakes","brownies","hot cocoa"]
Health Score: 7
Bottom Line: Unsweetened cocoa powder can be a sensible way to get chocolate flavor with some antioxidants and minerals. Choose natural (non-alkalized) cocoa to retain more flavanols, and be mindful of heavy-metal variability and mild stimulant effects.
Micronutrients: ["Magnesium","Iron","Copper"]
Antioxidants: ["(−)-Epicatechin","Catechin","Procyanidins"]
Healthier Alternatives: Cacao nibs (ground), Natural cocoa (non-alkalized), Carob powder
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Whey powder
Spray-dried sweet whey from cheesemaking; mostly lactose with some dairy proteins, used for protein, flavor, browning, and texture.
Category: Dairy
Subcategory: Whey
Processing Level: 5
Source: Cow's milk whey byproduct
Purpose: Adds dairy protein and lactose while aiding browning and texture.
Manufacturing Method: Pasteurize, concentrate, spray-dry
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Low-cost, widely available dairy solids that boost protein, flavor, and binding.
Commonly Found In: protein bars;drink mixes;bakery;confections;dairy drinks
Health Score: 7
Bottom Line: Whey powder is a safe, spray‑dried dairy ingredient that delivers some complete protein but a lot of lactose. It suits most people, but those with lactose intolerance or milk allergy should avoid it or choose lower‑lactose proteins.
Micronutrients: ["Calcium","Phosphorus","Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)"]
Antioxidants: ["Lactoferrin","Glutathione precursors (cysteine)","Bioactive peptides"]
Healthier Alternatives: Skim milk powder, Greek yogurt powder, Egg white powder
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Milk powder
Dehydrated milk solids made by removing water from pasteurized milk; provides protein, lactose, minerals, and flavor in a shelf-stable powder.
Category: Dairy
Subcategory: Milk Powders
Processing Level: 5
Source: Cow's milk
Purpose: Dehydrated milk solids that supply complete protein and dairy nutrients.
Manufacturing Method: Evaporate, spray-dry, sift
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Delivers high-quality dairy protein and flavor in an easy-to-dose, shelf-stable dry form.
Commonly Found In: protein bars, baked goods, drink mixes, confectionery, sauces
Health Score: 7
Bottom Line: Milk powder is simply dehydrated milk that delivers high‑quality protein and core dairy nutrients. It’s a good option if you tolerate lactose, but portion size matters for those with lactose intolerance or who are managing blood sugar.
Micronutrients: ["Calcium","Vitamin B12","Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)"]
Antioxidants: ["Lactoferrin","Glutathione peptides","Conjugated linoleic acid"]
Healthier Alternatives: Skim milk, Whole milk, Greek yogurt
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Soy lecithin
A mixture of natural phospholipids taken from soybean oil refining that helps oil and water mix (emulsifier) and can stabilize texture.
Category: Additive
Subcategory: Emulsifiers
Processing Level: 6
Source: Soybeans
Purpose: Emulsifier that helps oil and water mix and improves flow and texture.
Manufacturing Method: Natural phospholipid from oil refining
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Reliable emulsifying at tiny, low-cost doses and widely available supply.
Commonly Found In: ["Chocolate","Baked goods","Spreads","Powders","Supplements"]
Health Score: 8
Bottom Line: Soy lecithin is a refined emulsifier used in tiny amounts, and independent reviews judge these uses as safe. If you want to skip bleaching or solvent deoiling, choose organic or sunflower lecithin—and if you manage a soy allergy, check the label every time.
Healthier Alternatives: Sunflower lecithin, Enzymatically modified lecithin, Acacia gum
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Vanilla bean
The cured, dried seed pod of the vanilla orchid used to add warm, sweet aroma and flavor (often seen as tiny black specks).
Category: Flavoring
Subcategory: Flavoring
Processing Level: 2
Source: Vanilla orchid seed pods
Purpose: Natural flavoring used to add warm vanilla aroma and taste.
Manufacturing Method: Cured and dried seed pod; minimal processing
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Authentic flavor in tiny amounts with clean-label appeal.
Commonly Found In: protein bars, ice cream, yogurt, granola, chocolate
Health Score: 9
Bottom Line: Vanilla bean is a minimally processed flavoring used in trace amounts, contributing aroma rather than nutrition, and is considered safe at typical intakes. The main caveats are alcohol in standard extracts and variability in flavor quality across sources.
Micronutrients: ["Manganese","Magnesium","Potassium"]
Antioxidants: ["Vanillin","Vanillic acid","p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde"]
Healthier Alternatives: Cinnamon, Cacao powder, Cardamom
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Milk protein isolate
A very high-protein dairy powder made from skim milk, containing both casein and whey proteins with most lactose and minerals removed.
Category: Dairy
Subcategory: Milk Proteins
Processing Level: 8
Source: Skim cow milk
Purpose: Very high-protein dairy ingredient used to raise protein with low lactose.
Manufacturing Method: Membrane filtration, then spray drying
Why Manufacturers Choose It: It delivers complete, highly digestible protein with neutral taste, low lactose, and reliable texture.
Commonly Found In: protein bars, RTD shakes, high-protein yogurt, creamers, baked goods
Health Score: 8
Bottom Line: Milk protein isolate is a refined dairy powder that provides very high‑quality protein with little lactose. It’s safe for most people at typical food levels and can help you meet protein goals; lactose‑sensitive individuals should gauge personal tolerance.
Micronutrients: ["Calcium","Phosphorus","Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)"]
Antioxidants: []
Healthier Alternatives: Skim milk powder, Whey protein concentrate, Micellar casein
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Cocoa butter
The pale-yellow fat pressed from cacao beans; it gives chocolate its firm snap at room temp and melts near body temp for a creamy mouthfeel.
Category: Fats & Oils
Subcategory: Plant Fats
Processing Level: 4
Source: Cocoa beans
Purpose: Plant fat that sets chocolate and melts near body temperature.
Manufacturing Method: Pressed fat, optionally deodorized
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Unique melting and crystallization deliver snap, gloss, and shelf stability.
Commonly Found In: ["chocolate","protein bars","coatings","confectionery","baking"]
Health Score: 7
Bottom Line: Cocoa butter is a pressed plant fat, often further deodorized, and it is the required fat in chocolate. If this ingredient shows up often in your snacks, watch total saturated fat and favor products that limit packaging‑related mineral‑oil contamination and avoid extra solvent‑recovery steps.
Healthier Alternatives: Shea butter, Coconut oil, High-oleic sunflower oil + structuring agents
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Oat fiber
Mostly insoluble dietary fiber milled from oat hulls (the inedible husk). Adds bulk, binds water, and boosts fiber without adding digestible carbs.
Category: Fibers
Processing Level: 5
Source: Oat hulls
Purpose: Adds insoluble dietary fiber and binds water.
Manufacturing Method: Mill cleaned hulls; optionally bleach & dry
Why Manufacturers Choose It: High fiber at low cost with strong water-binding and neutral taste.
Commonly Found In: protein bars; low-carb bread; tortillas; cereals; snacks
Health Score: 8
Bottom Line: Oat fiber is a refined, mostly insoluble fiber from oat hulls that adds bulk without adding calories. It supports regularity but does not deliver the cholesterol‑lowering benefits of oat beta‑glucan; choose certified gluten‑free sources if you have celiac disease.
Micronutrients: []
Antioxidants: []
Healthier Alternatives: Oat bran, Psyllium husk, Wheat bran
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Glycerin
A clear, sweet, syrupy liquid that holds water (a moisture-attracting compound called a humectant) and helps keep foods soft, moist, and stable.
Category: Additive
Subcategory: Other
Processing Level: 8
Source: Fats and oils
Purpose: Humectant and solvent that holds moisture, softens texture, and carries flavors in foods.
Manufacturing Method: Natural derivative with refined purification
Why Manufacturers Choose It: It reliably keeps products moist with neutral taste, consistent specs, and low cost.
Commonly Found In: ["Protein bars","Icing/frosting","Chewing gum","Dried fruit","Beverages"]
Health Score: 8
Bottom Line: Glycerin is a highly refined derivative of fats and oils and is considered safe at typical amounts. The real‑world risks are big, rapid servings (notably some slush drinks) and off‑spec supply—pace intake, especially for kids, and stick to products using verified food/USP‑grade glycerin.
Healthier Alternatives: Honey, Inulin, Date paste
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Wheat flour
Finely milled powder from wheat endosperm; provides structure and bulk in foods due to gluten-forming proteins.
Category: Flours & Starches
Subcategory: Flours
Processing Level: 5
Source: Wheat grain endosperm
Purpose: Provides structure and bulk via gluten in baked foods.
Manufacturing Method: Mechanical milling; optional bleaching
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Low cost, reliable texture, and wide availability.
Commonly Found In: breads, crackers, cookies, granola bars, pasta
Health Score: 5
Bottom Line: Wheat flour is a refined, gluten‑containing flour chosen for function and cost. It provides energy but little fiber or high‑quality protein; choose whole‑wheat or gluten‑free flours if you need more nutrients or must avoid gluten.
Micronutrients: ["Manganese","Selenium","Phosphorus"]
Antioxidants: []
Healthier Alternatives: Oat flour, Brown rice flour, Sorghum flour
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Cane syrup
A thick, brown-gold liquid sweetener made by concentrating sugarcane juice; similar in taste to light molasses but typically sweeter and less bitter.
Category: Sugar
Subcategory: Syrups
Processing Level: 4
Source: Sugarcane juice
Purpose: Concentrated sugar syrup used to sweeten and bind foods.
Manufacturing Method: Concentrated cane juice, clarified & evaporated
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Reliable sweetness and binding at low cost with a familiar, regulated name.
Commonly Found In: Granola bars,Snack syrups,Baked goods,Sauces,Confections
Health Score: 3
Bottom Line: Cane syrup is concentrated sugarcane juice that sweetens and binds foods but offers no health benefit beyond quick energy. Enjoy sparingly and count it toward your daily added‑sugar limit.
Healthier Alternatives: Honey, Date syrup, Maple syrup
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Canola oil
A neutral-tasting vegetable oil pressed from low-erucic rapeseed varieties; high in monounsaturated fat with some omega-6 and omega-3.
Category: Fats & Oils
Subcategory: Seed Oils
Processing Level: 6
Source: Canola seed
Purpose: Neutral plant oil that supplies unsaturated fats and essential fatty acids.
Manufacturing Method: Pressed then solvent-refined
Why Manufacturers Choose It: It’s neutral-tasting, stable, widely available, and cost‑effective at scale.
Commonly Found In: protein bars, granola, baked snacks, dressings, spreads
Health Score: 8
Bottom Line: In packaged snacks and bars, canola oil is usually highly refined; if you want a heart‑friendlier swap for butter or coconut, look for high‑oleic canola and rotate with nut‑ or seed‑based products to keep refining by‑products lower.
Healthier Alternatives: Extra-virgin olive oil, High-oleic sunflower oil (cold-pressed), Avocado oil (unrefined)
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Alkalized cocoa
Cocoa powder treated with an alkali (Dutch process) to raise pH, mellow acidity, darken color, and improve dispersibility—often labeled "processed with alkali."
Category: Cocoa & Chocolate
Subcategory: Cocoa
Processing Level: 8
Source: Cacao beans treated with alkali
Purpose: Provides chocolate flavor with darker color and a smoother, less acidic taste.
Manufacturing Method: Alkali treatment, press, dry & mill
Why Manufacturers Choose It: It delivers smoother flavor, darker color, and reliable dispersibility.
Commonly Found In: protein bars, cookies, brownies, drink mixes, cereals
Health Score: 7
Bottom Line: Alkalized cocoa delivers a smoother, darker chocolate taste but usually contains fewer flavanols than natural cocoa. Enjoy in moderation, choose reputable low‑cadmium sources, and pick natural or high‑flavanol products if vascular benefits are your goal.
Micronutrients: ["Magnesium","Iron","Potassium"]
Antioxidants: ["Epicatechin","Catechins","Procyanidins"]
Healthier Alternatives: Natural cocoa powder, Cacao powder, Carob powder
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Baking soda
A white, alkaline salt (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO₃) that releases carbon dioxide when it reacts with acids or heat, making batters and doughs rise.
Category: Additive
Subcategory: Leavening
Processing Level: 8
Source: Nahcolite
Purpose: Leavening agent and pH regulator.
Manufacturing Method: Mined mineral; refined crystals
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Low-cost, reliable leavening with neutral flavor.
Commonly Found In: ["Cookies","Cakes","Pancakes","Muffins","Crackers"]
Health Score: 8
Bottom Line: On a label, “baking soda” signals a simple, refined mineral that makes foods rise. It’s safe in foods, but antacid‑sized doses add a lot of sodium—limit or avoid if you manage blood pressure, heart, or kidney disease, or speak with your clinician first.
Healthier Alternatives: Yeast, Sourdough starter, Potassium bicarbonate
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Fructo-oligosaccharide
Short-chain, mildly sweet prebiotic fibers made of fructose units (often called FOS/scFOS). They add bulk and fiber, lightly sweeten, and help retain moisture (draws and holds water, i.e., humectant).
Category: Additive
Subcategory: Fibers
Processing Level: 9
Source: Chicory root
Purpose: Soluble prebiotic fiber used to add bulk, gentle sweetness, and retain moisture.
Manufacturing Method: Enzymatic conversion and purification
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Neutral taste, high solubility, and an easy prebiotic-fiber label with useful mild sweetness.
Commonly Found In: ["Yogurt","Cereal bars","Infant formula","Beverages","Baked goods"]
Health Score: 8
Bottom Line: A highly refined, enzyme‑produced prebiotic fiber that can support a healthier gut microbiome. If you’re FODMAP‑sensitive or the serving is large, keep single doses small and space them out to avoid bloating.
Healthier Alternatives: Inulin, Galacto-oligosaccharides, Dates
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Calcium phosphate
A family of calcium–phosphate salts (mono-, di-, and tribasic) used as leavening acids, anti-caking agents, and mineral fortifiers in foods.
Category: Vitamins, Minerals & Phytonutrients
Subcategory: mineral
Processing Level: 8
Source: Phosphate rock
Purpose: Leavening acid and anti-caking agent that can also fortify calcium and phosphorus.
Manufacturing Method: Neutralize, precipitate, filter, dry, mill
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Consistent leavening and free‑flow at low cost with neutral taste.
Commonly Found In: ["Baking powder","Self-rising flour","Powdered mixes","Table salt","Infant cereal"]
Health Score: 7
Bottom Line: This is a refined, highly absorbable phosphate. Choose products that don’t stack multiple “phosphate” additives, and limit them if you have kidney disease or rely on many processed foods—check labels for monocalcium, dicalcium, or tricalcium phosphate (E341).
Healthier Alternatives: Cream of tartar, Calcium carbonate, Rice flour (as anti-caking aid)
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Corn syrup solids
Dried glucose (corn) syrup made by breaking corn starch into small sugars, then refining and spray- or drum-drying.
Category: Sugar
Subcategory: Syrups
Processing Level: 6
Source: Corn starch
Purpose: Bulking sweetener that adds body and helps retain moisture.
Manufacturing Method: Hydrolyzed starch, refined, then dried
Why Manufacturers Choose It: It delivers bulk and softness with moderate sweetness at low cost, and is easy to handle as a dry powder.
Commonly Found In: infant formula,protein bars,ice cream,baked goods,confections
Health Score: 3
Bottom Line: Corn syrup solids are a highly refined, glucose‑rich sweetener used mainly for texture and moisture control. Nutritionally they act like other refined sugars—fast energy with minimal nutrients—so limit intake, and rely on clinician guidance when used in infant formulas.
Healthier Alternatives: Date paste, Inulin (chicory fiber), Honey powder
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Guar gum
A plant-based thickener and stabilizer made by milling the endosperm of guar (cluster bean) seeds; provides high viscosity at very low levels.
Category: Additive
Subcategory: Gums
Processing Level: 6
Source: Guar seeds
Purpose: Plant-based thickener and stabilizer that builds viscosity and keeps mixtures uniform.
Manufacturing Method: Mechanical milling; optional alcohol purification
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Exceptional thickening at very low, low-cost doses with good heat, cold, and pH stability.
Commonly Found In: gluten-free baking, ice cream, yogurt, sauces, plant milks
Health Score: 8
Bottom Line: Guar gum is a refined, plant‑based thickener used in tiny amounts and is considered safe in foods. Skip concentrated “guar diet” tablets, and be cautious with products for very young infants or if you’re prone to gas—PHGG is usually easier on the gut.
Healthier Alternatives: Locust bean gum, Psyllium husk, Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG)
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Ascorbic acid
Vitamin C used in foods to prevent oxidation, keep color and flavor, strengthen dough, and add nutrition.
Category: Additive
Subcategory: Antioxidants
Processing Level: 8
Source: Corn or cassava
Purpose: Antioxidant that preserves color and adds vitamin C.
Manufacturing Method: Biotech fermentation with industrial purification
Why Manufacturers Choose It: It’s a low‑cost, reliable antioxidant and color protector that also fortifies with vitamin C.
Commonly Found In: breads, juices, cured meats, cut fruit, supplements
Health Score: 9
Bottom Line: Ascorbic acid is a highly refined, fermentation‑derived form of vitamin C that’s safe at the tiny amounts used in foods. Treat supplements with care—keep doses modest, and be cautious if you’re prone to kidney stones or have iron overload.
Healthier Alternatives: Lemon or acerola juice, Rosehip extract, Acerola concentrate
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Magnesium oxide
An inorganic mineral compound (MgO) used in foods and supplements mainly to supply magnesium; also functions as an anti-caking, pH-control, and firming agent.
Category: Vitamins, Minerals & Phytonutrients
Subcategory: mineral
Processing Level: 8
Source: Calcined magnesium hydroxide or carbonate
Purpose: Adds magnesium and serves as an anti-caking and pH-control agent.
Manufacturing Method: High-heat calcination and milling
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Very high magnesium content at low cost with reliable anti-caking performance.
Commonly Found In: supplements; fortified bars; drink mixes; spice blends; table salt
Health Score: 7
Bottom Line: Magnesium oxide is a safe, inexpensive way to add magnesium and keep powders free-flowing, but it is absorbed less well than several other magnesium salts. For most people, food-level exposure is low risk; GI side effects mainly arise from higher-dose supplements.
Micronutrients: ["Magnesium"]
Antioxidants: []
Healthier Alternatives: Magnesium citrate, Magnesium glycinate, Magnesium chloride
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Tocopheryl acetate
A stabilized, shelf-friendly form of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) that the body converts to active vitamin E; used mainly to fortify foods and help protect fats from going rancid.
Category: Vitamins, Minerals & Phytonutrients
Subcategory: vitamin
Processing Level: 9
Source: Vegetable oils and acetic acid
Purpose: Antioxidant used to fortify foods with vitamin E.
Manufacturing Method: Chemical esterification with purification
Why Manufacturers Choose It: It stays stable through processing and storage and is easy to dose in many products.
Commonly Found In: ["protein bars","multivitamins","fortified cereals","meal shakes","dressings"]
Health Score: 8
Bottom Line: A stabilized vitamin E source used to fortify foods and protect fats, tocopheryl acetate is well‑supported as safe at typical food levels. The main caution is with high‑dose supplements, which can raise bleeding risk.
Micronutrients: ["Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol)"]
Antioxidants: []
Healthier Alternatives: Mixed tocopherols, Rosemary extract, Ascorbyl palmitate
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Niacin
An essential B vitamin (B3) added to foods and supplements to support energy metabolism; most commonly present as nicotinic acid or niacinamide (nicotinamide).
Category: Vitamins, Minerals & Phytonutrients
Subcategory: Vitamins
Processing Level: 8
Source: Petrochemical-derived pyridine synthesis
Purpose: Nutrient supplement providing vitamin B3 for fortification.
Manufacturing Method: Chemical synthesis with purification
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Tiny, stable doses reliably hit labeled %DV without changing taste.
Commonly Found In: ["protein bars", "breakfast cereals", "meal shakes", "multivitamins", "energy drinks"]
Health Score: 8
Bottom Line: Niacin is an essential vitamin added in small amounts to prevent deficiency and support energy metabolism. It is safe for most people at label levels, but combining multiple fortified foods and supplements can exceed the UL and cause flushing, especially with nicotinic acid.
Micronutrients: ["Vitamin B3 (Niacin)","Vitamin B6","Riboflavin"]
Antioxidants: []
Healthier Alternatives: Sunflower seeds, Peanuts, Tuna
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Zinc oxide
An inorganic mineral (ZnO) added to foods and supplements as a stable source of dietary zinc.
Category: Vitamins, Minerals & Phytonutrients
Subcategory: mineral
Processing Level: 8
Source: Zinc ore or refined zinc metal
Purpose: Stable zinc source used to fortify foods and supplements.
Manufacturing Method: Mineral oxide with food-grade purification
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Very high zinc content, low cost, and excellent stability with minimal impact on taste.
Commonly Found In: Protein bars;Fortified cereals;Meal replacements;Drink mixes;Multivitamins
Health Score: 8
Bottom Line: Zinc oxide is a purified mineral used in tiny amounts to add essential zinc to foods and supplements. It is safe for most people at typical intakes; the main caution is avoiding long‑term high doses that can reduce copper levels.
Micronutrients: ["Zinc"]
Antioxidants: []
Healthier Alternatives: Pumpkin seeds, Oysters (powder), Chickpeas
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Calcium pantothenate (vitamin B5)
A stable, supplemental form of vitamin B5 used to fortify foods and supplements; it’s the calcium salt of pantothenic acid.
Category: Vitamins, Minerals & Phytonutrients
Subcategory: vitamin
Processing Level: 8
Source: Microbial fermentation or chemical synthesis
Purpose: Fortifies foods and supplements with vitamin B5.
Manufacturing Method: Fermented or synthetic, then purified
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Chosen for stability, regulatory approval, and precise low-dose delivery.
Commonly Found In: multivitamins; cereals; nutrition bars; drinks; infant formula
Health Score: 9
Bottom Line: Calcium pantothenate is a standard, safe way to add vitamin B5 to foods and supplements. At the tiny amounts used in foods, it supports adequate intake with minimal risk; issues arise mainly with unnecessary megadose supplements.
Micronutrients: ["Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid)"]
Antioxidants: []
Healthier Alternatives: Brewer’s yeast (inactive), Sunflower seeds, Shiitake mushrooms (dried)
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Ferrous fumarate
An iron (Fe2+) salt used to add dietary iron to foods and supplements; commonly chosen for high iron content per gram and decent stability.
Category: Vitamins, Minerals & Phytonutrients
Subcategory: Minerals
Processing Level: 8
Source: Iron fumarate mineral salt
Purpose: Adds bioavailable iron to foods and supplements.
Manufacturing Method: React iron salt with fumarate, purify
Why Manufacturers Choose It: High iron per gram with acceptable absorption and minimal taste or color impact.
Commonly Found In: multivitamins, infant cereal, breakfast bars, protein bars, meal shakes
Health Score: 7
Bottom Line: A well‑established iron source that effectively addresses low iron but often causes GI side effects at higher doses. Safe and useful for most people when used as directed, but avoid extra iron if you have iron‑overload conditions and keep supplements away from children.
Micronutrients: ["Iron"]
Antioxidants: []
Healthier Alternatives: Pumpkin seeds, Blackstrap molasses, Heme iron from beef liver powder
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Pyridoxine hydrochloride
A lab-made form of vitamin B6 used to fortify foods and in supplements; it’s the stable hydrochloride salt of pyridoxine.
Category: Vitamins, Minerals & Phytonutrients
Subcategory: vitamin
Processing Level: 9
Source: Chemical synthesis
Purpose: Added vitamin B6 used to fortify foods and supplements.
Manufacturing Method: Chemical synthesis and crystallization
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Stable, low-cost, and precise at milligram doses.
Commonly Found In: fortified cereals, nutrition bars, meal shakes, supplements, infant formula
Health Score: 8
Bottom Line: At label levels, pyridoxine HCl safely supplies vitamin B6 to meet daily needs. The main risk is from chronic high-dose supplements or stacking multiple products, so check totals—especially if you take levodopa without carbidopa.
Micronutrients: ["Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)"]
Antioxidants: []
Healthier Alternatives: Brewer's yeast (inactive), Chickpea flour, Sunflower seeds
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Riboflavin
Vitamin B2 — an essential B-vitamin added in tiny amounts to support energy metabolism; also approved as a natural yellow food color (E101).
Category: Vitamins, Minerals & Phytonutrients
Subcategory: vitamin
Processing Level: 8
Source: Microbial fermentation or chemical synthesis
Purpose: Essential B-vitamin used to fortify foods and add yellow color.
Manufacturing Method: Microbial fermentation, then purification
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Precise dosing without flavor and doubles as a low-cost yellow color.
Commonly Found In: cereals; protein bars; drinks; meal shakes; breads
Health Score: 9
Bottom Line: Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential nutrient added in tiny amounts to support energy metabolism and is widely considered safe at typical use levels. Most concerns involve high-dose supplements, which your body largely excretes.
Micronutrients: ["Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)"]
Antioxidants: []
Healthier Alternatives: Nutritional yeast, Milk powder, Eggs
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Thiamin mononitrate
A stable, supplemental form of vitamin B1 used to fortify foods and meet Daily Value targets.
Category: Vitamins, Minerals & Phytonutrients
Subcategory: vitamin
Processing Level: 8
Source: Synthetic vitamin B1 salt
Purpose: Adds vitamin B1 to foods and supplements for fortification.
Manufacturing Method: Salt formation & purification
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Stable in dry products, inexpensive, and widely approved.
Commonly Found In: ["enriched flour","breakfast cereals","meal bars","instant rice","supplements"]
Health Score: 9
Bottom Line: Thiamin mononitrate is a well‑vetted, stable form of vitamin B1 used to fortify foods and supplements, with a strong safety record at everyday intakes. For most people, it’s a net positive source of B1; just check the %DV to see how much you’re getting.
Micronutrients: ["Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)"]
Antioxidants: []
Healthier Alternatives: Nutritional yeast, Whole wheat flour, Sunflower seeds
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Folic acid
A synthetic form of vitamin B9 added to foods and supplements to support DNA synthesis and red blood cell formation.
Category: Vitamins, Minerals & Phytonutrients
Subcategory: vitamin
Processing Level: 9
Source: Chemical synthesis of vitamin B9
Purpose: Vitamin B9 fortifier that helps meet folate needs and lowers neural tube defect risk.
Manufacturing Method: Synthetic vitamin with industrial purification
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Stable, inexpensive, and easy to dose precisely under approved fortification rules.
Commonly Found In: protein bars; cereals; meal shakes; enriched flour; prenatal vitamins
Health Score: 8
Bottom Line: Folic acid is a synthetic form of vitamin B9 added in tiny, regulated amounts to many foods and supplements. At typical intakes it is safe and supports health, but avoid high‑dose supplements unless advised—especially if your B12 status is uncertain.
Micronutrients: ["Folate (Vitamin B9)","Vitamin B12 (related risk interaction)","Iron (often co-fortified)"]
Antioxidants: []
Healthier Alternatives: Spinach (folate), L-5-Methylfolate, Lentils (folate)
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Chromium chloride
A lab-made mineral salt supplying trivalent chromium (Cr(III))—sometimes added in microgram amounts to fortified foods and dietary supplements as a trace mineral.
Category: Vitamins, Minerals & Phytonutrients
Subcategory: mineral
Processing Level: 8
Source: Industrial synthesis from chromium oxide
Purpose: Trace mineral source providing trivalent chromium.
Manufacturing Method: Synthesize salt; purify and dry
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Cheap, stable, and precise microgram dosing.
Commonly Found In: multivitamins, sports drinks, meal bars, dieting shakes, TPN solutions
Health Score: 7
Bottom Line: Chromium chloride is a lab-made mineral salt used in tiny amounts to supply essential chromium. It appears safe at modest doses, but high-dose supplements are unnecessary for most people and not well studied long term.
Micronutrients: ["Chromium"]
Antioxidants: []
Healthier Alternatives: Brewer's yeast (nutritional yeast), Whole grains, Meats & nuts
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Biotin
A water-soluble B vitamin (B7) added in tiny amounts to fortify foods or sold in supplements; it helps enzymes that process fats, carbs, and amino acids.
Category: Vitamins, Minerals & Phytonutrients
Subcategory: Vitamins
Processing Level: 8
Source: Chemical synthesis or microbial fermentation
Purpose: Water-soluble B vitamin used to fortify foods and meet the Daily Value.
Manufacturing Method: Purified vitamin via synthesis or fermentation
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Delivers 100% DV in microgram doses with no taste impact at low cost.
Commonly Found In: ["protein bars","multivitamins","meal shakes","energy drinks","hair-nail gummies"]
Health Score: 9
Bottom Line: Biotin is an essential B vitamin, and the tiny amounts added to foods are safe and help meet daily needs. The main caution is with milligram-level supplements, which can distort certain lab tests without clear added benefit for most people.
Micronutrients: []
Antioxidants: []
Healthier Alternatives: Egg yolk, Liver (beef or chicken), Sunflower seeds
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Sodium selenite
An inorganic mineral salt used in tiny amounts to add the essential trace mineral selenium to foods and supplements.
Category: Vitamins, Minerals & Phytonutrients
Subcategory: mineral
Processing Level: 8
Source: Copper refining by-product, synthesized salt
Purpose: Trace mineral source used to add selenium.
Manufacturing Method: Industrial synthesis from mineral by-product
Why Manufacturers Choose It: Cheap, highly soluble, and easy to dose precisely at microgram levels.
Commonly Found In: multivitamins, infant formula, fortified bars, meal replacements, pet/feed
Health Score: 7
Bottom Line: Sodium selenite safely delivers essential selenium at the tiny amounts used in fortified foods. Because too much selenium can be harmful, avoid stacking multiple supplements or many selenium‑fortified products.
Micronutrients: ["Selenium"]
Antioxidants: []
Healthier Alternatives: Selenium yeast, Brazil nut flour (controlled dose), Selenium-enriched milk powders
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Sodium molybdate
A mineral salt that provides molybdenum (an essential trace element) for fortified foods and supplements.
Category: Vitamins, Minerals & Phytonutrients
Subcategory: mineral
Processing Level: 8
Source: Molybdenum ore–derived mineral salt
Purpose: Provides molybdenum for trace-mineral fortification.
Manufacturing Method: Synthesized salt, then purified and crystallized
Why Manufacturers Choose It: It is highly soluble, stable, inexpensive, and enables precise microgram dosing.
Commonly Found In: ["protein bars","meal shakes","sports powders","multivitamins","fortified drinks"]
Health Score: 8
Bottom Line: Sodium molybdate is a refined mineral fortificant that supplies essential molybdenum. At the tiny amounts used in foods, it is generally safe; problems arise mainly with large supplemental doses.
Micronutrients: ["Molybdenum","Iron (trace co-occurrence in foods)","Zinc (trace co-occurrence in foods)"]
Antioxidants: []
Healthier Alternatives: Lentils, Whole grains (e.g., oats, buckwheat), Sesame seeds
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research:
Cyanocobalamin
A stable, synthetic form of vitamin B12 used to fortify foods and supplements; the body converts it to active B12 forms.
Category: Vitamins, Minerals & Phytonutrients
Subcategory: vitamin
Processing Level: 9
Source: Microbial fermentation
Purpose: Adds vitamin B12 to foods to prevent deficiency.
Manufacturing Method: Fermentation, purification, cyanidation
Why Manufacturers Choose It: It is the most stable, cost-effective B12 for reliable label claims.
Commonly Found In: energy drinks;protein bars;plant milks;fortified cereals;multivitamins
Health Score: 9
Bottom Line: Cyanocobalamin is a stable, effective way to add vitamin B12 to foods and supplements. It is safe for most people at typical intakes, with a specific exception for those with Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy.
Micronutrients: ["Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)"]
Antioxidants: []
Healthier Alternatives: Hydroxocobalamin, Methylcobalamin, Adenosylcobalamin
Scientific References:This ingredient information is backed by scientific research: